Knomi Labs

The Periodic Table

The Periodic Table

Iron, atomic number 26. Electrons per shell 2, 8, 14, 2.

Iron

Atomic number
26
Atomic weight
55.845 ± 0.002source
Nucleus
26 protons, 30 neutrons (Fe-56)source
Electrons
1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d⁶
2, 8, 14, 2 per shellsource
Place
Group 8, period 4, d-block, transition metalsource
At 25 °C
Solidsource
Melts at
1,537.9 °C (1,811 K, 2,800 °F)source
Boils at
2,860.9 °C (3,134 K, 5,182 °F)source
Density
7.874 g/cm³source
Electronegativity
1.83 (Pauling)source
First ionization
7.902 eV (762.5 kJ/mol)source
Size
132 pm covalent radius. 7 pm smaller than manganese: one more proton pulls the same shells in tighter.source
In Earth's crust
56,300 mg per kgsource
Known since
Before 5000 BC (Middle East)source
Origin
Natural, since Earth formedsource
In your world
Steel: construction 28%, cars 15%; carries oxygen in haemoglobinsource 1source 2
Found in
Hematite and magnetite; Earth's core is mostly iron; Australia mines the most oresource 1source 2

Reading the picture

Electrons do not orbit like planets. Each shell is drawn as a cloud of places an electron might be, with its electrons riding inside. Tap the atom to see the shape its newest electron lives in: s spheres, p dumbbells, d clovers, f flowers. Warm and cool lobes are the wave's two signs; dashed lines are nodal planes, where the electron is never found.

Sizes are covalent radii (Cordero 2008), true to scale within each row; the camera re-zooms for each new row. The nucleus is drawn far too big: a hydrogen atom is about 62,941 times wider than its nucleus, so a 1 cm nucleus would sit in an atom about 629 m across.

Of the 118 elements, 94 occur in nature. Shell counts, blocks, groups, unit conversions (1 eV = 96.4853 kJ/mol) and scale ratios are computed in code and checked by tests. Configurations for elements 109 to 118 are predictions.

Sources